Being your own boss and bossing others: the moderating effect of managing others on work meaning and autonomy for the self-employed and employees

Abstract We examine the moderating role of being a supervisor for meaning and autonomy self-employed employed workers. rely on regression analysis applied after entropy balancing based nationally representative dataset over 80,000 individuals in 30 European countries 2005, 2010, 2015. find that is correlated with more work meaningfulness compared salaried working an employer. Wage supervisors experience similar stress levels have earnings, though longer hours. Moreover, solo entrepreneurs slightly less meaningfulness, but supervisors. This may be explained by fact earn shorter hours than